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論文

An Analytical model to decompose mass transfer and chemical process contributions to molecular iodine release from aqueous phase under severe accident conditions

Zablackaite, G.; 塩津 弘之; 城戸 健太朗; 杉山 智之

Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 56(2), p.536 - 545, 2024/02

 被引用回数:0

Radioactive iodine is a representative fission product to be quantified for the safety assessment of nuclear facilities. In integral severe accident analysis codes, the iodine behavior is usually described by a multi-physical model of iodine chemistry in aqueous phase under radiation field and mass transfer through gas-liquid interface. The focus of studies on iodine source term evaluations using the combination approach is usually put on the chemical aspect, but each contribution to the iodine amount released to the environment has not been decomposed so far. In this study, we attempted the decomposition by revising the two-film theory of molecular-iodine mass transfer. The model involves an effective overall mass transfer coefficient to consider the iodine chemistry. The decomposition was performed by regarding the coefficient as a product of two functions of pH and the overall mass transfer coefficient for molecular iodine. The procedure was applied to the EPICUR experiment and suppression chamber in BWR.

論文

Boundary layer measurements for validating CFD condensation model and analysis based on heat and mass transfer analogy in laminar flow condition

相馬 秀; 石垣 将宏*; 安部 諭; 柴本 泰照

Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 10 Pages, 2024/00

When analyzing containment thermal-hydraulics, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool because multi-dimensional and local analysis is required for some accident scenarios. According to the previous study, neglecting steam bulk condensation in the CFD analysis leads to a significant error in boundary layer profiles. Validating the condensation model requires the experimental data near the condensing surface, however, available boundary layer data is quite limited. It is also important to confirm whether the heat and mass transfer analogy (HMTA) is still valid in the presence of bulk condensation. In this study, the boundary layer measurements on the vertical condensing surface in the presence of air were performed with the rectangular channel facility WINCS, which was designed to measure the velocity, temperature, and concentration boundary layers. We set the laminar flow condition and varied the Richardson number (1.0-23) and the steam volume fraction (0.35-0.57). The experimental results were used to validate CFD analysis and HMTA models. For the former, we implemented a bulk condensation model assuming local thermal equilibrium into the CFD code and confirmed its validity. For the latter, we validated the HMTA-based correlations, confirming that the mixed convection correlation reasonably predicted the sum of wall and bulk condensation rates.

論文

Development of a DDA+PGA-combined non-destructive active interrogation system in "Active-N"

古高 和禎; 大図 章; 藤 暢輔

Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 55(11), p.4002 - 4018, 2023/11

 被引用回数:0 パーセンタイル:0.01(Nuclear Science & Technology)

An integrated neutron interrogation system has been developed for non-destructive assay of highly radioactive special nuclear materials, to accumulate knowledge of the method through developing and using it. The system combines a differential die-away (DDA) measurement system for the quantification of nuclear materials and a prompt gamma-ray analysis (PGA) system for the detection of neutron poisons which disturb the DDA measurements; a common D-T neutron generator is used. A special care has been taken for the selection of materials to reduce the background gamma rays produced by the interrogation neutrons. A series of measurements were performed to test the basic performance of the system. The results show that the DDA system can quantify plutonium of as small as 20~mg and it is not affected by intense neutron background up to 4.2~TBq and gamma ray of 2.2~TBq. As a result of the designing of the combined system as a whole, the gamma-ray background counting rate at the PGA detector was reduced down to $$3.9times10^{3}$$ s$$^{-1}$$ even with the use of the D-T neutron generator. The test measurements show that the PGA system is capable of detecting less than 1~g of boron compound and about 100~g of gadolinium compound in~30 min. This research was implemented under the subsidy for nuclear security promotion of MEXT.

論文

Large-eddy simulation on gas mixing induced by the high-buoyancy flow in the CIGMA facility

安部 諭; 柴本 泰照

Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 55(5), p.1742 - 1756, 2023/05

 被引用回数:0 パーセンタイル:0.01(Nuclear Science & Technology)

The hydrogen behavior in a nuclear containment vessel is a significant issue when discussing the potential of hydrogen combustion during a severe accident. After the Fukushima-Daiichi accident in Japan, we have investigated in-depth the hydrogen transport mechanisms by utilizing experimental and numerical approaches. Computational fluid dynamics is a powerful tool for better understanding the transport behavior of gas mixtures, including hydrogen. This paper describes a large-eddy simulation of gas mixing driven by a high-buoyancy flow. We focused on the interaction behavior of heat and mass transfers driven by the horizontal high-buoyant flow during density stratification. For validation, the experimental data of the Containment InteGral effects Measurement Apparatus (CIGMA) facility were used. With a high-power heater for the gas-injection line in the CIGMA facility, a high temperature flow of approximately 390$$^{circ}$$C was injected into the test vessel. By using the CIGMA facility, we can extend the experimental data to the high temperature region. The phenomenological discussion in this paper help understand the heat and mass transfer induced by the high-buoyancy flow in the containment vessel during a severe accident.

論文

Phase analysis of simulated nuclear fuel debris synthesized using UO$$_{2}$$, Zr, and stainless steel and leaching behavior of the fission products and matrix elements

頓名 龍太郎*; 佐々木 隆之*; 児玉 雄二*; 小林 大志*; 秋山 大輔*; 桐島 陽*; 佐藤 修彰*; 熊谷 友多; 日下 良二; 渡邉 雅之

Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 55(4), p.1300 - 1309, 2023/04

 被引用回数:1 パーセンタイル:72.91(Nuclear Science & Technology)

UO$$_{2}$$・Zr・ステンレス鋼を出発物質として模擬デブリを合成し、形成された固相の分析と浸漬試験を行った。主要なU含有相は合成条件に依存し、不活性雰囲気下・1473KではUO$$_{2}$$相が維持されていた。1873Kでは(U,Zr)O$$_{2}$$固溶体相の形成が観測された。酸化性雰囲気では、1473Kの場合にはU$$_{3}$$O$$_{8}$$と(Fe,Cr)UO$$_{4}$$相の混合物が得られ、1873Kでは(U,Zr)O$$_{2}$$が形成された。浸漬試験により金属イオンの溶出挙動を調べるため、中性子照射により核分裂生成物を導入する、もしくは出発物質への添加によりその安定同位体を導入する処理を行った。試験の結果、Uの溶出挙動は、模擬デブリの性状や浸漬液の液性に依存することが確認された。CsやSr, Baは模擬デブリの固相組成に依存せず顕著な溶出を示した。一方で、多価イオンとなるEuとRuの溶出は抑制されることが観測され、模擬デブリ中でウラン相に固溶ないしは包含されたことによる影響が推察される。

論文

Raman spectroscopy of eutectic melting between boride granule and stainless steel for sodium-cooled fast reactors

深井 尋史*; 古谷 正裕*; 山野 秀将

Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 55(3), p.902 - 907, 2023/03

 被引用回数:0 パーセンタイル:0.01(Nuclear Science & Technology)

本論文は、炭化ホウ素(B$$_{4}$$C)とステンレス鋼(SS)の共晶溶融・固化反応に関する反応生成物及びその分布を扱う。B$$_{4}$$C-SS共晶反応への炭素の存在の影響を調べるため、ホウ化鉄(FeB)とSSの反応を比較して、多変量スペクトル解析を用いたラマン分光分析を実施した。走査電子顕微鏡とエネルギー分散型X線分析も実施し、Cr, Ni, Feのような純金属の要素情報を調べた。B$$_{4}$$C-SS試料では、界面層に非結晶カーボンやFeB, Fe$$_{2}$$Bが見られた。それに対して、FeB-SS試料では、界面にはそのような界面層が見られなかった。

論文

Study on the effect of long-term high temperature irradiation on TRISO fuel

Shaimerdenov, A.*; Gizatulin, S.*; Dyussambayev, D.*; Askerbekov, S.*; 植田 祥平; 相原 純; 柴田 大受; 坂場 成昭

Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 54(8), p.2792 - 2800, 2022/08

 被引用回数:7 パーセンタイル:88.9(Nuclear Science & Technology)

In the core of the WWR-K reactor, a long-term irradiation of tri-structural isotopic (TRISO)-coated fuel particles (CFPs) with a UO$$_{2}$$ kernel was carried out under normal operating conditions of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR). This TRISO fuel was attained at the temperature of 950 to 1,100 $$^{circ}$$C, and the uranium burnup of 9.9% FIMA (fission per initial metal atom) during the irradiation. The release of the gaseous fission product from the fuel was measured in-pile, and its release-to-birth (R/B) ratio was evaluated using the model developed in the High-Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR) project. After the irradiation test, fuel compacts were subjected to electric dissociation and nondestructive inspections such as X-ray radiography and gamma spectrometry. Finally, it was concluded that integrity of the TRISO fuel irradiated at approximately 9.9% FIMA was demonstrated, and a low fuel failure fraction and a low R/B measured with krypton-88 indicated good performance and reliability of the high burnup TRISO fuel.

論文

Development and validation of fuel stub motion model for the disrupted core of a sodium-cooled fast reactor

川田 賢一; 鈴木 徹*

Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 53(12), p.3930 - 3943, 2021/12

 被引用回数:0 パーセンタイル:0.01(Nuclear Science & Technology)

混合酸化物燃料を用いたナトリウム冷却高速増殖炉(SFR)の炉心損傷事象(CDA)の初期過程解析コードSAS4Aの解析能力の向上のために、著者らは前報において炉心流量喪失時炉停止機能喪失(ULOF)条件下での物理現象を詳細に検討した。その前報の研究成果として、燃料ピン崩壊後に残存した燃料ペレットが炉心中央部に移動する現象(燃料スタブモーション)が、適切に模擬すべき重要現象の一つとして選択された。本論文では、実験データの分析をもとに、スタブモーションに関わる挙動を評価し、概略を数値化し、従来のSAS4Aコードではモデル化されていなかった、燃料スタブの動きを表現するシンプルなモデルを新たに提案した。開発したモデルの適用性をCABRI試験の一連の解析を通じて検証し、崩壊炉心の反応性評価において、スタブモーションが合理的な保守性をもって再現されることを確認した。

論文

Uncertainty analysis of ROSA/LSTF test by RELAP5 code and PKL counterpart test concerning PWR hot leg break LOCAs

竹田 武司; 大津 巌

Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 50(6), p.829 - 841, 2018/08

 被引用回数:13 パーセンタイル:79.66(Nuclear Science & Technology)

An experiment was conducted for OECD/NEA ROSA-2 Project using LSTF, which simulated 17% hot leg intermediate-break LOCA in PWR. Core uncovery started simultaneously with liquid level drop in crossover leg downflow-side before loop seal clearing, and water remaining occurred on upper core plate. Results of uncertainty analysis with RELAP5/MOD3.3 code clarified influences of combination of multiple uncertain parameters on peak cladding temperature within defined uncertain ranges. An experiment was performed for OECD/NEA PKL-3 Project with PKL. The LSTF test simulated PWR 1% hot leg small-break LOCA with steam generator secondary-side depressurization as accident management measure and nitrogen gas inflow. Some discrepancies appeared between the LSTF and PKL test results for primary pressure, core collapsed liquid level, and cladding surface temperature probably due to effects of differences between LSTF and PKL in configuration, geometry, and volumetric size.

論文

ROSA/LSTF test and RELAP5 analyses on PWR cold leg small-break LOCA with accident management measure and PKL counterpart test

竹田 武司; 大津 巌

Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 49(5), p.928 - 940, 2017/08

 被引用回数:4 パーセンタイル:37.06(Nuclear Science & Technology)

An experiment using PKL was performed for the OECD/NEA PKL-3 Project as a counterpart to a previous test with LSTF on a cold leg small-break loss-of-coolant accident with an accident management measure in a PWR. The rate of steam generator secondary-side depressurization was controlled to achieve a primary depressurization rate of 200 K/h as a common test condition. In both tests, rapid recovery started in the core collapsed liquid level after loop seal clearing. Some discrepancies appeared between the LSTF and PKL test results for the core collapsed liquid level, the cladding surface temperature, and the primary pressure. The RELAP5/MOD3.3 code indicated a remaining problem in the prediction of primary coolant distribution. Results of uncertainty analysis for the LSTF test clarified the influences of the combination of multiple uncertain parameters on peak cladding temperature within the defined uncertain ranges.

論文

Bayesian optimization analysis of containment-venting operation in a Boiling Water Reactor severe accident

Zheng, X.; 石川 淳; 杉山 智之; 丸山 結

Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 49(2), p.434 - 441, 2017/03

 被引用回数:4 パーセンタイル:37.06(Nuclear Science & Technology)

Containment venting is one of essential measures to protect the integrity of the final barrier of a nuclear reactor during severe accidents, by which the uncontrollable release of fission products can be avoided. The authors seek to develop an optimization approach, from a simulation-based perspective, to the venting operations by using an integrated severe accident code, THALES2/KICHE. The effectiveness of containment venting strategies needs to be verified via numerical simulations based on various settings of venting conditions. The number of iterations, however, needs to be controlled for cumbersome computational burden of integrated codes. Bayesian optimization is an efficient global optimization approach. By using Gaussian process regression, a surrogate model of the "black-box" code is constructed. It can be updated simultaneously whenever new simulation results are acquired. With predictions via the surrogate model, upcoming locations of the most probable optimum can be revealed. The sampling procedure is adaptive. The number of code queries is largely reduced for the optimum finding, compared with pure random searches. One typical severe accident scenario of a boiling water reactor is chosen as an example. The research demonstrates the applicability of the Bayesian optimization approach to the design and establishment of containment-venting strategies during severe accidents.

論文

A Preliminary evaluation of unprotected loss-of-flow accident for a prototype fast-breeder reactor

鈴木 徹; 飛田 吉春; 川田 賢一; 田上 浩孝; 曽我部 丞司; 松場 賢一; 伊藤 啓; 大島 宏之

Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 47(3), p.240 - 252, 2015/04

 被引用回数:27 パーセンタイル:91.4(Nuclear Science & Technology)

In the original licensing application for the prototype fast-breeder reactor, MONJU, the event progression during an unprotected loss-of-flow (ULOF), which is one of the technically inconceivable events postulated beyond design basis, was evaluated. Through this evaluation, it was confirmed that radiological consequences could be suitably limited even if mechanical energy was released. Following the Fukushima-Daiichi accident, a new nuclear safety regulation has become effective in Japan. The conformity of MONJU to this new regulation should hence be investigated. The objectives of the present study are to conduct a preliminary evaluation of ULOF for MONJU, reflecting the knowledge obtained after the original licensing application through CABRI experiments and EAGLE projects, and to gain the prospect of In-Vessel Retention (IVR) for the conformity of MONJU to the new regulation. The preliminary evaluation in the present study showed that no significant mechanical energy release would take place, and that thermal failure of the reactor vessel could be avoided by the stable cooling of disrupted-core materials. This result suggests that the prospect of IVR against ULOF, which lies within the bounds of the original licensing evaluation and conforms to the new nuclear safety regulation, will be gained.

論文

Characteristics of self-leveling behavior of debris beds in a series of experiments

Cheng, S.; 山野 秀将; 鈴木 徹; 飛田 吉春; 中村 裕也*; Zhang, B.*; 松元 達也*; 守田 幸路*

Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 45(3), p.323 - 334, 2013/06

 被引用回数:38 パーセンタイル:93.76(Nuclear Science & Technology)

During a hypothetical core-disruptive accident (CDA) in a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR), degraded core materials can form conically-shaped debris beds over the core-support structure and/or in the lower inlet plenum of the reactor vessel from rapid quenching and fragmentation of core material pool. However, coolant boiling may lead ultimately to leveling of the debris bed that is crucial to the relocation of molten core and heat-removal capability of debris bed. To clarify the mechanisms underlying this self-leveling behavior, a great amount of experiments were performed within a variety of conditions in recent years under the constructive collaboration between Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) and Kyushu University (Japan). The present contribution synthesizes and gives detailed comparative analyses of those experiments. Effects of various experimental parameters that may have potential influence on the leveling process such as boiling mode (bottom-heated, depressurization boiling and gas injection), particle size, particle density, particle shape (spherical and non-spherical), boiling intensity (or gas flow rate), water depth along with column geometry, were investigated, thus, giving a large palette of favorable data for better understanding of CDAs and improved verifications of computer models developed in advanced fast reactor safety analysis codes.

論文

International collaboration in assessment of radiological impacts arising from releases to the biosphere after disposal of radioactive waste into geological repositories

Smith, G.*; 加藤 智子

Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 42(1), p.1 - 8, 2010/02

放射性廃棄物地層処分においては、数千年もしくはそれ以上の超長期に渡って、Cl-36のような長半減期核種が、人間が普通にアクセスし利用する環境、すなわち生物圏に放出される。いかなる場合においても、処分場に起因して人間が受ける放射線量が放射線防護基準を満たすことを保証する必要がある。このような長期の時間枠における線量評価においては、地表環境や人間活動の変遷を考慮しなければならないという理由から、評価の枠組みを構築することは容易ではなく、長年に渡る国際共同プロジェクトによりこの問題が議論されてきた。本報では、放射線防護に関する国際的な勧告とサイト特有の評価におけるセーフティケース構築の準備に関して、国際協力により得られた成果及びJAEAを含む各国の研究アプローチについて概説する。

論文

A Study of hydraulic properties in a single fracture with in-plane heterogeneity; An Evaluation using optical measurements of a transparent replica

澤田 淳; 佐藤 久

Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 42(1), p.9 - 16, 2010/02

亀裂を対象とした平行平板モデルに用いられるパラメータ値の設定方法の検討に必要な単一亀裂内のデータ取得のために、亀裂の透明レプリカを用いた実験的検討を行った。光学的計測手法により亀裂開口幅分布やトレーサー試験時のトレーサー濃度データを高い空間解像度で定量的に取得した。亀裂開口幅分布の算術平均値,トレーサー試験から求めた開口幅,亀裂内体積測定から求めた平均開口幅などの異なる計測手法から求めた開口幅の値が一致することが示され、本試験データが良い精度で取得できていることを示している。亀裂開口幅データから局所的に三乗則が成り立つと仮定して実施した数値解析から得られる亀裂の透水量は透水試験の値より10%$$sim$$100%大きな値となった。また、定量的なトレーサー濃度分布のデータは不均質亀裂内の移流分散の数値解析コードの検証にとても有用である。

論文

High temperature oxidation of Nb-containing Zr alloy cladding in LOCA conditions

中頭 利則; 永瀬 文久; 更田 豊志

Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 41(2), p.163 - 170, 2009/03

燃料被覆管のLOCA時高温酸化挙動を調べるために、79MWd/kgまで照射された高燃焼度PWR燃料被覆管を用いて水蒸気雰囲気における等温酸化試験を行った。原子炉照射中に形成された腐食酸化膜が水蒸気中の高温酸化を抑制する効果が示された。一方、高温酸化に及ぼす水素吸収の影響はほとんど見られなかった。M5被覆管は1273Kにおいて有意に小さい酸化速度を示したが、より高い温度においては酸化速度に及ぼす合金組成の影響は小さく、従来のジルカロイ4とほぼ同等の酸化速度を示した。

論文

The Impact of fuel cycle options on the space requirements of a HLW repository

河田 東海夫

Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 39(6), p.683 - 690, 2007/12

原子力を真に持続的なエネルギー源とするためには、燃料供給の持続性を保証することに加え、廃棄物の処分が永続的に行える道を確保する必要がある。後者を達成するためには、特に広大な面積を必要とする高レベル廃棄物の処分場については、単位面積あたりの廃棄物充填密度をできるだけ高めることにより、与えられた処分場の利用可能期間を極力長くする必要がある。高レベル廃棄物の場合、処分場への廃棄物充填密度の主要決定因子は発熱であり、特に半減期の長いTRU元素の発熱の影響は大きい。本報告では、代表的な核燃料サイクルオプションで生ずる高レベル廃棄物の発熱を、TRUに着目して比較し、それを除去することによる処分場所要面積低減の可能性を検討した。とくに将来のFBRサイクルでは、TRUの回収・燃焼を行うことで、単位発電量あたりに必要とする処分場面積を半分程度に低減できる可能性を示した。

論文

A Next generation sodium-cooled fast reactor concept and its R&D program

一宮 正和; 水野 朋保; 小竹 庄司

Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 39(3), p.171 - 186, 2007/06

第4世代原子力システムとしてナトリウム炉システムが有望視されている。ナトリウム炉システムについては、原子力機構(JAEA)は実用化研究開発の中で主概念として集中的に取り組んでいる。将来の高速炉サイクルシステムは、安全性,資源有効利用性,環境負荷低減性,経済性,核拡散抵抗性等の開発目標を十分に満たす必要がある。JAEAが開発したナトリウム炉JSFRはこれらの開発目標を十分に満たし、次世代高速炉の有望な概念である。本論文では、JSFRの概念を示すとともにJSFRの実用化に至るロードマップ及びそのR&D計画を示す。

論文

JAEA's VHTR for Hydrogen and Electricity Cogeneration; GTHTR300C

國富 一彦; Yan, X.; 西原 哲夫; 坂場 成昭; 毛利 智聡

Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 39(1), p.9 - 20, 2007/02

ガスタービンによる発電とISプロセス熱化学法による水素製造を目的とした水素電力コジェネレーション超高温ガス炉システム(GTHTR300C)の設計研究を実施した。GTHTR300Cは、燃料電池自動車への水素供給システムとして魅力的であり、2020年以降の導入が期待されている。原子炉熱出力は600MW、原子炉出口冷却材温度は950$$^{circ}$$Cであり、最大370MWの熱が水素製造に用いられ、残りは発電に使用される。本論文では、GTHTR300Cの設計上の特徴について示すとともに、ガスタービンや中間熱交換器に関する研究開発の現状について紹介する。

論文

Key R&D activities supporting disposal of radioactive waste; Responding to the challenges of the 21st century

宮本 陽一; 梅木 博之; 大澤 英昭; 内藤 守正; 中野 勝志; 牧野 仁史; 清水 和彦; 瀬尾 俊弘

Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 38(6), p.505 - 534, 2006/08

クリーンで経済的で社会が受容できるエネルギーの十分な供給を確立することは、21世紀において重要で世界的なチャレンジである。原子力の役割をさらに拡大することが選択の一つと思われるが、このオプションの実施は、すべての放射性廃棄物を安全に処分することにかかっている。安全な処分は専門家の間ではその基本的な実現可能性についてコンセンサスは得られているが、特に主要なステークホルダーにより受け入れられるよう、その概念をもっと実際的なものとしなければならない。ここでは、世界的なトレンドを考慮し、また日本の例を引き合いにして、将来の研究開発の鍵となる分野を明らかにし、有益と思われる国際協力のシナジー効果が生まれる可能性のある分野に焦点を当てていくこととする。

23 件中 1件目~20件目を表示